Monday, April 7, 2014

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Wednesday, May 16, 2012

CHAPTER 10

VIGNETTE
PROBLEMS WITH SUPPLIERS

1. How can an organization ensure that all the members of its supply chain will behave ethically?
Answer:

            Here are some research which I gethered on how can an organization ensure that all the members of its supply chain will behave ethically
             SOURCE: http://www.smarta.com/advice/suppliers-and-trade/business-suppliers/three-ideas-make-your-supply-chain-more-ethical

1. Create guidelines for your suppliers

While the jargon-tastic term 'ethical supply chain management policy' makes us shudder, the idea behind term is very sound: create a list of guidelines for those involved in your supply chain to ensure at every point, suppliers are observing best practice.
If parts of your supply chain are abroad, consult with local trade unions and NGOs to identify areas of concern. Take into account issues such as forced labour, whether the supplier allows trade union activity, workplace health and safety, workers' ages, wages, working hours, known cases of discrimination, and any history of inhuman treatment. Outline how you expect your suppliers to behave and what sort of conditions you expect to see in factories. See the Ethical Trading Initiative's (ETI) base code for inspiration.
For the best results, communicate your policy as much as possible: identify employees such as buyers or managers who will need training - but ensure the policy is available to all your staff so they know exactly how you manage your supply chain.
If you want to go the extra mile, take inspiration from Divine Chocolate and incentivise your suppliers into becoming more socially conscious. The business' suppliers all have a stake in the company - which means they have a vested interest in maintaining its ethical image.

2. Look out for suppliers' credentials

Your suppliers may say their practices are squeaky clean, but if they can't prove it, how can you trust them? Instead, find out if they have any certification: bodies such as the Fairtrade Foundation, the Soil Associationthe Forest Stewardship Councilthe Marine Stewardship Council and the Product Authentication Inspectorate (PAI) all have the power to determine whether a company's products can be deemed ethical or not.
Take a look at the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI)Business Social Compliance Initiative (BSCI), Business in the Community (BITC) and Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) websites as well - all four feature lists of members with socially responsible credentials.

3. Waste

Making your supply chain ethical isn't all fair wages and eliminating child labour - how the chain deals with its waste is equally important. Ask your suppliers to cut down on unnecessary packaging - particularly if it's plastic - or look at more sustainable alternatives. The government's Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) has made a voluntary agreement, called the Courtauld Commitment, with a range of British retailers, to cut down on waste. Its website lists targets and timescales supply chains should be aiming for.
Find out from your suppliers how they handle the rest of their waste, as well. Electrical items should be disposed of in accordance with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, which says all electronic equipment should be disposed of at no cost by the manufacturer. Look into your industry's best practice, and make your suppliers are following it, ensuring they do everything they can to cut down on the amount of waste they produce. Remember: if your suppliers aren't following best practice, it will reflect badly on your own business.
2. What responsibility does an organization have to ensure that its supplier and business partners behave ethically?
Answer:

            I think responsibility of organization that have to ensure that its supplier and business partners behave ethically are the following: must have to ensure the safety and precautions of the product, they must have warranty, they must be able to respond quickly for the customers who have problems and many more.

CASE STUDY 3
MANUFACTURERS COMPETE ON GREEN COMPUTING

1. How have green computing efforts lowered the total cost of computer ownership?
Answer:

             Source: http://thefutureofthings.com/articles/1003/green-computing.html
         Green computing, the study and practice of efficient and eco-friendly computing resources, is now under the attention of not only environmental organizations, but also businesses from other industries. In recent years, companies in the computer industry have come to realize that going green is in their best interest, both in terms of public relations and reduced costs. This article will take a look at several green initiatives currently under way in the computer industry, as well as issues that have been raised regarding these initiatives. We will also have a talk with VIA to learn more about the future of green computing.
          
2. Which approach can yield greater benefits- building greener computers of implementing programs that change users' behavior so that they operate their computer in a more responsible manner? Explain your response.
Answer:

           
      Green computing is an eco friendly which might help us to not getting danger our nature. It may help us to protect away from any harmful effects such as using computers that has radiation that may get everyone of us in danger.



SOURCE: http://www.internetionalmedia.com/Article/The-Advantages-of-Green-Computing-For-Businesses-and-Individuals/6007


 Green computing is a rising trend that looks to establish itself as the preferred IT philosophy -- not because techies are tree-huggers, but because green solutions are affecting their bottom lines. Many businesses today are asking the questions: "What is green computing?" and "Why is green computing so important to society?''

What is Green Computing?

Today, the term green computing embodies the entire life cycle of technologies, including research, manufacturing, use, and disposal. Green IT takes a much more holistic approach than it once did, especially as companies are brainstorming solutions to cut costs and increase revenue.

Why is Green Computing Important?

Green computing benefits the environment. Reduced energy usage from green computing techniques translates into lower carbon dioxide emissions, stemming from a reduction in the fossil fuel used in power plants and transportation. Conserving resources means less energy is required to produce, use, and dispose of products. Put simply, saving energy and resources saves money.

The advantages to green computing are realized on both large and small scales. Green technologies are available for an entire organization or for a single employee's workstation. Unfortunately, many companies and business owners are stalled by the initially larger investment in green technology, and fail to realize the long-term benefits and cost savings. As such, let's examine adjustments that can be made regarding green computing and IT support, big or small.


System-Wide Green Computing

When investigating green alternatives for your entire organization, consider technologies like cloud computing. Basically, cloud computing eliminates the need for hardware like servers. Also known as virtualization, cloud computing replaces hardware with "virtual" servers or servers in "the cloud." Essentially, cloud computing allows companies to reduce their need for big, bulky, energy-consuming servers by relocating them on the Internet. Cloud computing may also be used in areas like networking, data storage, software applications, and operating systems, again, potentially reducing the need for hardware. As a result, businesses stand to save a lot of time, money, and resources on maintenance and support by switching to cloud computing set-ups.

Individual Green Computing

There are many other green computing techniques at the personal computer level. For instance, power management can be an easy and effective means of saving green while conserving energy. While many operating systems come with power-saving settings, there are also a variety of products that monitor and adjust energy levels to increase performance and reduce wasted energy. For instance, some surge protectors can sense when a master component (like a computer) is turned off, and respond by cutting off power to any peripheral machines, such as like printers and scanners.

System-Wide and Individual Green Computing

Finally, green computing initiatives can reap savings in both big and small ways. Technologies that save paper, like email, can have a huge impact on costs as well as the environment. As companies and employees develop methods and habits of conservation, simple practices like emailing memos or printing in smaller fonts can bring instant results. Additionally, policies like telecommuting or teleconferences pose additional benefits by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide produced by travel.

Green computing is quickly emerging as the most effective means of utilizing technology. No matter whether your organization's needs are big or small, green IT can reduce costs, increase productivity, and even do something good for the environment.


3. Do research at the EPEAT Web site and determine which computer manufacturer currently has
the best green computing ratings.
Answer:



SOURCE: http://www.epeat.net/
  EPEA® is a comprehensive environmental rating that helps identify greener computers and other electronic equipment.
The EPEAT system was conceived and developed through the collaboration of stakeholders from the business, advocacy, government and academic arenas.
EPEAT is used by hundreds of companies, universities and government agencies in dozens of countries.  Its rigorous requirements and searchable product database let buyers bypass marketing hype and confusing specifications.
For participating manufacturers, EPEAT is a chance to showcase and validate greener designs and cleaner production.
EPEAT is a  powerful tool for enhancing the sustainability performance of virtually any organization.


Source:  http://www.eweek.com/c/s/Green-IT/


Base on my research there are 5 top companies who has best computer which has green computing. Here are the list.

Hewlett Packard

In recent years, Hewlett Packard has introduced many Energy Star qualified computers onto the market, including several that have won high EPEAT ratings. For example, the HP EliteBook 2530p notebook computer is Energy Star 5.0 qualified and has earned EPEAT gold. Also, Hewlett Packard has qualified for the Environmental Protection Agency's SmartWay label, which is applied to products and services with reduced transportation emissions. HP is striving to use more recycled materials in its products and product packaging. HP has also instituted buy back and recycling programs for all brands of computers, monitors, printers, scanners and other computer technology. HP has its own huge recycling facility in Roseville, California which processes about 4 million pounds of electronics per month.
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Dell

Dell has introduced an ultra-green desktop computer called the Studio Hybrid. Its greenest desktop computer to date, the Studio Hybrid is Energy Star 5.0 qualified, has an 87% efficient power supply and an EPEAT gold rating. The Dell Studio Hybrid can be customized with interchangeable sleeves; there's even a sleeve available that's made from renewable bamboo. Dell has also made other strides toward becoming a greener technology company. Each year since 2004, Dell has increased its investment in renewable energy from wind, solar and natural gas capture. Dell has also made significant efforts to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. Dell offers free recycling of Dell computers and will recycle other computer brands for free with purchase of a new computer. Dell also accepts donations of working computers from companies all around the world.

Apple

Apple is has begun to make many of its green computers with recyclable materials such as aluminum, polycarbonate and glass. Apple has made efforts to remove toxic substances, such as brominated fire retardants (BFRs), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), arsenic, lead and mercury from its products. Since 2008, the Apple MacBook Pro has been free from each of these dangerous environmental pollutants. By 2009, all Mac notebook and desktop computers had earned an EPEAT gold rating. The Apple MacBook Air, MacBook Pro and iMac and other Apple models also meet Energy Star 5.0 guidelines. Another green computer made by Apple is the Mac Mini, which is an extremely energy-efficient desktop computer. The Mac Mini uses less than 14 watts when idle, and is free from BFR, PVC and lead. Like Dell, Apple will recycle any computer for free with the purchase of a new computer. Apple has recycling programs in most of the countries where their products are sold.

Lenovo

Lenovo uses post-consumer recycled materials such as plastic water bottles in the manufacture of its green computers. Lenovo also uses recycled and recyclable materials for its product packaging. Lenovo was the first to earn an EPEAT gold rating for a computer monitor. Many Lenovo computer models, such as the IdeaPad and the ThinkCentre meet Energy Star 5.0 requirements. All Lenovo ThinkPad laptop computers contain 85% recyclable materials and have achieved an EPEAT rating of either silver or gold. Through its Eco Take Back program, Lenovo offers free recycling of all of its computers and other electronic products for small businesses and consumers in the United States. This green technology maker also has recycling programs in countries throughout the Americas, Asia and Europe.

CHAPTER 9

VIGNETTE
TWITTER EMERGES AS NEWS SOURCE FOR IRAN PROTESTANTS

1. Many people question the value of Twitter's goal of helping people to stay connected in real time. Do the events in Iran illustrates the potential value to society of social networking tool such as Twitter? Are there other ways that Twitter and other social networks could be used for people and organizations to add real value?
Answer:
            Yes, there are many many ways using social networking sites can be used for us. Like for instance in promoting some any ads. Here are the research that I gathered on how social networkings used many other ways to add real value for us.
           Source:http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/10things/10-ways-to-use-social-networking-tools-to-promote-your-business/1760
           Social networking sites provide unprecedented opportunities to get the word out about yourself and your business. Unfortunately, many people don’t have a clue how to use these tools effectively. Deb Shinder offers 10 practical suggestions.
Social networking tools, such as Facebook, Twitter, Windows Live, and Google Buzz, are great for keeping in touch with friends and family and having fun. Once banned from the business world, they are now being allowed or even embraced on many company networks. Some employees use social networking as a quick break from work. Studies have shown that taking short breaks can make workers more productive, and hopping over to your Facebook page for five minutes to check friends’ activities can be a quick and efficient way to “get away” mentally, even if you need to stay physically in place.
Other people are going further and using social networks to build business relationships with colleagues and potential clients. LinkedIn is specifically targeted to that audience. And some are taking it further still and using social networking sites to actively promote themselves and their businesses. This can be particularly effective for self-employed people, such as consultants, writers, and trainers. Many more would like to utilize these tools to increase their business presence but aren’t sure how to go about it. In this article, we’ll look at ways — beyond the obvious — to enhance your reputation (and your company’s) through social networking. After all, it’s long been recognized that word of mouth is one of the best forms of advertising, and social networking is just an online extension of that.
2. How trustworthy is the information one gleans from social networks such as Twitter?
      Twitter is a social networking service that enables its users to read and send each other's text based post. They are accurate and trustworthy since they know that people tend to watch profile for the person which they want to get when its public.Social network is only the holder of your information and they might give this information of what they are only know.

CASE STUDY 3
SOCIAL NETWORKING DISASTER'S FOR DOMINO'S

1. Some observers believe that if an organization does not respond to an attack on its brand written the first 24 hours, then the damage has been done- lack of management response is judge as an admission of guilt. Other feel that some time is required to gather facts and figure out what happened before responding. With the advantage of 20/20 hindsight, how might  Domino's have reacted more effectively?
Answer:
            Domino's experience might impair his business dues to the scandal that spread on the social media network. Their business might goes down cause some other people might curios due to those video. However, Domino didn't do anything about the video even to attract people like showing in the media but the social networking such as twitter demanded Domino's reaction then they finally decide to to take actions.

2. Do you find it unusual that Domino's response was primarily through the online media rather than the usual printed press releases? Does this seem an effective and appropriate way to respond under this circumstances? Why or why not? Does Domino's use of the online media set a precedent for others to follow in the future?
ANSWER:
                Yes, when it was started in the social network or online media it must also ended up at social networking or online media. Online media might get easily to expose people that those videos was made for fun. Domino uses media it was spread first in the media. This is effective to promote the apology of Domino to the customers and it might easily spread to the people that the video is false.

3. Identify three lessons that are companies could learn from Domino's experience.
Answer:
             Domino's experience is worse and it might him or her ashamed of what their employer did. The three that companies could learn. Every company must have a good employer, trusted, loyal and must respect their work. To have a good employer might not taking videos for their company just for fun. Second, Every company must have rules that taking pictures or other medias that violate their business are not allowed. Lastly, every company must always be humble and fixed immediately before it getting worse if this was happened.
           

CHAPTER 8

VIGNETTE
WESTERN CAPE STRIVING TO ELIMINATE THE DIGITAL DIVIDE

1. How important is access to ICT in children's education?
Answer:

             An ICT- Information Communication Technology, provides learning to the children through internet, provides easily access more information for children who that are in level of their learning but some has a high IQ level which might children have explore new things or learned new things even the outside world.But there are times may violated without any guidance of the adults when they are using technology.  One more thing why children necessary to have an ICT in education to learned and can easily catch up the lesson since children like entertainment and they might interest to study through entertaining children such as educational movies.


2. What are the barriers that stand in the way of universal access to ICT to everyone who wants it?
Answer:
            There are some counties that might not able to reach technologies due to some reasons. The region is poor, few of the population has PC but slightly to access to the internet.Most of the region of that country cannot afford ICT for education. Technology might so expensive and some other countries are not their obligations to buy technology or to use technology due to financial problem or their economy cannot afford to implement ICT.

CASE STUDY 3
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES CREATE DIGITAL DIVIDE IN HEALTH CARE

1. Can you provide examples that either refute or confirm the idea that a gap exists between the kinds of healthcare services available to the wealthy and the poor in the United States?
Answer:

These is the research that I gathered from the sites.
SOURCE:  http://www.weegy.com/?ConversationId=9771CF9C
           One key opportunity is to integrate clinical service delivery with community prevention in order to reduce demand for resources and services; improve health, safety, [ and equity outcomes; and provide medical providers with skills and strategies to change the social circumstances that shape the health of their patients. Prevention Institute outlines an approach that community health centers can take to promote community health even as they deliver high quality medical services to individuals. ]

2. Should healthcare organizations make major investments in telemedicine to provide improved services that only the wealthy can afford?
Answer:
            Telemedicine employs modern telecommunication and information technologies to provide medical care to people who live far away from healthcare providers. I prefer to disagree of that services which only wealthy can afford.  In every people aimed to live life long but poor people live life as they can afford to live. Healthcare organizations must have also right to taking care of their health by using telemedicine of which that can afford. Poor are pity hence poors trying to survive in every illness they encountered, in every seasons they've met of which they can get sick due to lack of basic needs.

3. What are the drawbacks of telemedicine? What situation might not lend themselves to telemedicine solutions?
Answer:

            Source:  http://www.denvergov.org/EmployeeAssistance/AgingandElderCareResources/AgingandElderCareResources44/tabid/386093/Default.aspx


       Although the advantages of telemedicine are many, there are two major drawbacks. The first is cost. Many of these monitoring and assessment systems require a high level of technical sophistication and a tremendous investment in technology. The second issue is safety. Nothing can substitute for a real-life, physical exam by a doctor who is in the same room as the patient. Doctors and nurses can evaluate, diagnose, treat and manage a variety of illnesses and problems over the phone, Internet or video, but in some cases the traditional way is still the best. Talk to a doctor or health care provider about whether or not telemedicine is recommended in the case of your patient or elderly relative. 
       As for me, the situation that might not get lend to the telemedicine solution is that all people might not getting worse their illness and they might choose the that were they can afford rather than this.

CHAPTER 7

VIGNETTE
BOEING DREAMLINER FACES A FEW BUMPS IN THE ROAD

1. Is this example of software problems holding up the introduction of a major new product and impacting a firm's customers and supplier unusual, or is it a common occurrence?
Answer:

            Customers goes down when they know the defect of their products that are not safe or prone to danger and it will cause wasting of time. This is one of the examples of software problems holding up the introduction of a major new product and impacting a firm's customers and supplier is a common occurrence. It is a common occurrence because  it is unavoidable due to some common problems.

2. What can organizations do to reduce the negative consequences of software development problems in the production of their products and the operation of their business processes and facilities?

Answer:
             All business like this must have security check in order to have a secure actions. They must always keep updated their software to void negative impacts or problems. They must always secure to keep the software problems free. They must be able to check some updates to notify everyone. 
CASE STUDY 3
PATRIOT MISSILE FAILURE

1. With the benefit of hindsight, what steps could have been take during development of the Patriot software to avoid the problems that led to the loss of life? Do you think these steps would have improve the Patriot's effectiveness enough to make it obvious that the missile was a strong deterrent against the Scud? Why or why not?
Answer:

             A Patriot system radar is a kind of machine that launch missiles when aircraft and missiles of their enemy detected. There are some steps that might help a lot  in launching the system: must check the software that run to the system, must check the hardware that run by the software, must know what time did the system end and it  must have more reserve system, software and hardware installed on the machine should compatible together, lastly, must know how to operate that kind of system.
           
2. What ethical decisions do you think the U.S military made in choosing to deploy Patriot missile to Israel and Saudi Arabia and in reporting the effectiveness of the Patriot system?
Answer:

           I think the ethcical decision that U.S made in choosing to deploy Patriot missile to Israel and Saudi Arabia is launching patriot missile and guiding to the target through three phases. First, the missile guidance system turns the Patriot launcher to face the incoming missile. Second, the computer control system guides the Patriot toward the incoming missile. Third, the Patriot missile's internal radar receiverguides it to intercept the incoming missile.


3. What key lessons from this example of safety-critical software development could be applied to the development of business information system software?

Answer:
             The Patriot is an Army surface-to-air mobile missile system that defends against aircraft and cruise missiles and more recently, short-range ballistic missiles. Unfortunately, Patriot system failed to launch successfully during the warhead due to inaccurate estimation of the system that will cause lives in danger.The key lesson for this is every machine has advantage and disadvantage and not all machines are continously launch every other second. We should have safety precautions to use this stuff to avoid harmful effects. Additionaly, another key lesson to have a success launching in any kind of machines is must conduct trial and error in order to know how this machine works accurately, and know what depect and what to fixed if there are problems.

 

             

Friday, April 13, 2012

What it takes to be an IT professional.

"IT professionals perform a variety of functions that ranges from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases.Data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as management and administration of entire systems are one of their duties." We just simply called ourselves as "IT Professional" hence we have knowledge in creating programs, multimedia, databases, we know everything about computers and other technologies.In addition, we simply called "IT Professional" because we have skills and certificates. IT Professionals is not just talks about our learning or our knowledge, it is also talks about our manner, values or attitude on how we may handle this profession as an "IT Professional"
There are some  requirements to become an "IT Professional". First and for most is knowledge, experience and training, it is necessary for us to understand to experience and to train as an IT in order for us to become competitive. Ethics since ethics is a set of your beliefs. Lifelong learning, and lastly Values and Principles for us to become responsible and have a positive attitude.